How to Increase the Maximum File Upload Size in WordPress

 How to Increase the Maximum…

Depending on the web hosting company you choose and the package you select, each of you will see maximum file upload limit on your Media Uploader page in WordPress. For some it is as low as 2MB which is clearly not enough for media files like (audio / video). Most pictures are under 2MB, so it is fine for just pictures. In this article, we will show you how to increase the maximum file upload size in WordPress.

Note: This is an intermediate level tutorial. It may not work with some shared hosts in which case you would have to ask your hosting service provider for support. We use HostGator, and they are more than helpful when it comes to issues like this.

1: Theme Functions File

There are cases where we have seen that just by adding the following code in the theme function’s file, you can increase the upload size:

1	@ini_set( 'upload_max_size' , '64M' );

2	@ini_set( 'post_max_size', '64M');

3	@ini_set( 'max_execution_time', '300' );

2. Create or Edit an existing PHP.INI file

In most cases if you are on a shared host, you will not see a php.ini file in your directory. If you do not see one, then create a file called php.ini and upload it in the root folder. In that file add the following code:

1	upload_max_filesize = 64M

2	post_max_size = 64M

3	max_execution_time = 300

This method is reported to work for many users. Remember if 64 doesn’t work. Try 10MB (sometimes that work).

3. htaccess Method

Some people have tried using the htaccess method where by modifying the .htaccess file in the root directory, you can increase the maximum upload size in WordPress. Open or create the .htaccess file in the root folder and add the following code:

1	php_value upload_max_filesize 64M

2	php_value post_max_size 64M

3	php_value max_execution_time 300

4	php_value max_input_time 300

Again, it is important that we emphasize that if you are on a shared hosting package, then these techniques may not work. In that case, you would have to contact your web hosting provider to increase the limit for you. Some hosts completely turn down their users. We recommend that you use HostGator. Their support folks are very helpful in these situations.

Cara cepat membuat daftar isi otomatis di word

Cara mudah membuat daftar isi otomatis pada Microsoft word | daftar isi dalam sebuah buku adalah hal yang cukup penting. Sebagai mana namanya, daftar isi ini berisikan  list atau daftar judul dalam sebuah buku. Akan tetapi terkadang kita merasa kesulitan membuat daftar isi dalam sebuah buku dengan menggunakan Microsoft word ini. Selain kita harus teliti menyesuaikan judul dengan nomor halamannya, membuat titik-titik untuk daftar isi dalam sebuah buku atau makalah tidak kalah merepotkan.

Tapi sekarang tidak lagi, setelah menemukan trik mudah membut daftar isi otomatis di word ini, sobat tidak perlu lagi repot-repot melakukannya dengan cara manual. tidak perlu lagi naik turun untuk mengecek di halaman berapa judul BAB 1 dan seterusnya. Belum lagi jika ada pengeditan ulang yang membuat susunan halaman pada sebuah buku atau makalah berubah, terpaksa sobat harus menyusun ulang daftar isi yang sudah sobat buat tadi. huhu…. memang merepotkan kalau membuat daftar isi secara manual. berbeda dengan cara membuat daftar isi secara otomatis, hanya beberapa langkah, daftar isi di buku atau makalah sobat sudah bisa langsung jadi. Selain itu hasilnya juga akan lebih memuaskan, karana memang sangat rapih sekali. Trik ini tidak kalah praktisnya dengan trik  cara membuat nomor halaman pada microsoft word yang pernah saya share di blog tutorial89 ini.

Bagi sobat yang sering membuat buku (buku cetak atau e-book) atau makalah, sudah seharusnya mengetahui trik praktis membuat daftar isi secara otomatis di word ini, karena dengan trik ini, pekerjaan sobat akan sangat terbantu. Sama seperti seorang blogger, harus tahu cara membuat daftar isi otomatis di blog-nya, yang biasanya daftar isi ini sering di jadikan Sitemap pada sebuah blog.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan sobat lihat gambar di bawah ini. Daftar isinya begitu tersusun rapih, begitu juga dengan titik-titiknya.  tidak ada titik-titik yang beda.

Cara membuat daftar isi otomatis pada Microsoft word

1. Buka document yang akan diberi daftar isi otomatis *saya anggap sobat sudah memiliki document yang siap di beri daftar isi
2. Silahkan sobat atur styles nya. Normal = untuk tulisan normal, Heading 1 = untuk judul, Heading 2 = untuk sub judul. Pengaturan ini sangat penting sekali. Karena nantinya, setiap kalimat yang di beri styles Heading 1 dan Heading 2 akan menjadi daftar isi. Pengaturan styles ini ada di menu Home.  Harus sobat lakukan…!!!

Misalnya. pada BAB 1 Tutorial microsoft word, Maka sobat block kata itu dan rubah setyle nya menjadi heading 1. Nah di BAB 1 Tutorial Microsoft word itu kan ada sub judulnya, misalnya membuat daftar isi, block kata tersebut, kemudian pilih style heading 2, begitu seterusnya. pastikan untuk yang bukan judul atau sub judul diberi style normal, supaya tidak ikut dalam daftar isi yang akan sobat buat

3. Jika sobat sudah mengatur style masing-masing, Tempatkan kursor pada halaman yang akan di simpan daftar isi buku atau makalah.
4. Klik Menu Reference\Table of Content lalu pilih model daftar isi yang di inginkan. Untuk pengaturan lebih lanjut, sobat bisa melakukannya di insert table of content…

5. Silahkan edit kata “Content” menjadi “Daftar isi”, atau kata lainnya terserah sobat. Jika sobat melakukan pengeditan lagi pada isi buku sehingga nomor halamannya berubah, sobat hanya perlu klik update table… Update page number only = hanya untuk meng-update nomor halamannya saja, sedangkan Update entire table = untuk meng-update secara keseluruhan.

Sampai di sini sobat sudah sukses membuat daftar isi otomatis pada Microsoft word. Sekarang sobat tidak perlu lagi repot-repot membuat titik-titik pada daftar isi yang sangat melelahkan, karena semuanya sudah dibuat secara otomatis. Silahkan dikembangkan sendiri ya… semoga bermanfaat.

– See more at: http://www.tutorial89.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-daftar-ini-otomatis-pada.html#sthash.3ZahOl4R.dpuf

Review Text – Penjelasan & Contoh

Review Text konon adalah pelajaran terakhir bahasa Inggris tingkat SMA. Seandainya sobat tidak bisa membuat contoh review text (teks review), bisa dikatakan bahwa sobat belum bisa dan “belum pantas” lulus Ujian Nasional khususnya untuk pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Tidak mau kan dibilang tidak lulus ujian?

Oleh karena itu, agar tidak “dianggap” gagal dalam menempuh perjalanan selama sekolah, mari kita pelajari lagi apa dan bagaimana review text itu. Siap?

Pengertian Review Text

Secara harfiah, review bermakna “tinjauan, ringkasan, tinjauan ulang.” Jika ada frasa book review berarti bermakna tinjauan buku. Karenanya, review text bisa diartikan secara harfiah sebagai teks yang difungsikan untuk meninjau. Apa saja yang ditinjau? ya apa saja lah, baik buku, produk kecantikan, mobil, hp, laptop dan lain sebagainya.

Social Function Review Text

Ternyata review text bisa berfungsi sebagai to criticise an art work, event for a public audience. (untuk memberikan kritik terhadap suatu karya seni, ataupun lainnya untuk khalayak umum).

Generic Structure Review Text

Generic Structure dari Review Text terdiri dari :

• Orientation : places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of its kind or through an analog with a non–art object or event. (menempatkan karya yang ditinjau pada konteks umum ataupun khusus, biasanya dengan membandingkan dengan karya lain yang sejenis atau melalui analogi obyek yang bukan karya seni.)

• Interpretive Recount : summarize the plot and/or providers an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being.(meringkas alur cerita “jika mereview buku” bagaimana cara penyampaian karya tersebut)

• Evaluation : provides an evaluation of the work and/or its performance or production; is usually recursive.(memberikan sebuah evaluari karya ataupun penampilan, produksi; evaluasi ini biasanya berulang-ulang)

Sebenarnya, susunan umum (generic structure) review text ini tidak harus sama persis seperti di atas, mungkin karena alasan “meringkas” pelajaran, jadi ketiga susunan tadi bisa sebagai gambaran umum saja, oke.

Masih bingung? Yang nulis juga bingung 🙂 Okelah mari kita langsung saja memberikan beberapa contoh review text, yang semoga bisa menambah pemahaman kita tentang review text.

Contoh Review Text (1) – A Book Review

Rhymes of the Times By: Harold Matthew Nash

Publisher: Booksurge

Reviewed by: John Lehman

 

I particularly liked the first few pages of this book where the poet acknowledges those who have helped him and tells us something about his life. Too often writing is a lonely task and poetry so personal that it excludes others until they read the final result. But both poets and audiences are intimately involved in the process. Readers are not consumers looking for a pair of shoes, but people trying to discover something about how they feel, as well as understand the emotions of the person writing the poem. This spirit of openness and participation is right here from the start in this collection.

Harold is one of nine children, raised by his mother. In the Introduction he tells us about public moments that have shaped his life (Martin Luther King’s ”I Have a Dream” speech, Muhammad Ali’s “I can float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.”) as well as very private ones like attending the wedding of a girl he was still very much in love with. This not only gives us an insight into the person behind these poems, it helps us understand their inspiration and connection to things outside of the words. “The Bee in the Web” draws on the “butterfly”/”bee” of Ali’s boast, yet expands on it to a message of racial harmony as opposed to one of militant aggression and separatism.

There are some great titles (“The Martian and the Wino,” “W Stands for Wrong”, ”Fasten Your Seatbelt”) and lines that make us think (“Sometimes I feel that life’s a curse, has front-wheel drive and no reverse” and the very poignant “I hate in order to protect yourself—you pack a gun or mace. So why don’t I say what the hell and hate the human race.”) There are also some bad lines: “Her skin is cream, her body is slim. Looking at her makes the average saint sin.”—perhaps, but what or who is “the average saint”? The book ends with a sweet poem by Charla Angeline Hultmann (and I really like the candor of her bio) called “Gift” and “giving” is the real spirit of this book of poetry.

I will be honest, I am not a fan of rhyme. There is a delight in adjacent sounds rubbing together—vowels held and savored, consonants clicking in a row—but “easy” rhymes (“head”/“dead”; “love”/”dove”; “moon”/”prune”) tend to overshadow poetic subtleties, determine word choice and the words themselves lose their meaning, becoming clichés. But this is the music of this poet’s generation, and there is no denying that poetry is more alive, more meaningful and more accessible than it has ever been at any other time during my life. PS I do love the “Osama” “mama” rhyme. In general I think it would benefit Harold Nash’s development to read more of the published contemporary Black poets.

But form aside, this is an honest (courageous and unflinching) look at life today—one we need to share together for the survival of us all. That is “Rhymes of the Times” message. And it is a good one.

Contoh Review Text (2) – Product Review

Acer Iconia Tab A100
Acer
Reviewed By mikeandrew

While the 10-inch tablet market is very crowded and highly competitive right now, when it comes to 7-inch powerful and reliable slates, there are still some gaps that need to be filled. The Iconia Tab A100 wants to do just that, being a very interesting, portable and snappy gadget.

Design and display

When talking about 7-inch tablets, the aspect is very important. The Tab A100 does not disappoint from this point of view, being elegant and classy. The front face is surrounded by glossy black plastic, while the back of the tablet is a dark gray plastic with Acer’s logo in the middle. In terms of portability, the Iconia Tab A100 is also a more than a satisfying device, being about the same size and weight as the HTC Flyer, for example.

The 7-inch touchscreen with 1024×600 pixels resolution offers great image quality, contrast and brightness, but does more of a mediocre job when talking about viewing angles. Still, the display is overall decent and holds the comparison with the HTC Flyer or the Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.

Performance and software – The Iconia Tab A100 features the already classic Nvidia Tegra 2 dual-core processor with 1 GB of RAM memory and is therefore at least as snappy and powerful as any other 7 or 10-inch tablet on the market right now. The cameras are surprisingly decent, the 2 MP front-facing and the 5 MP rear-facing devices offering pretty much the best image quality you might hope to find on a slate.

In terms of software, Acer’s 7-inch tablet is set to be a pioneer, being the first slate of its category to be powered by the Android Honeycomb OS. Not only that, but it will run on the latest 3.2 version of the operating system, which means that you will get loads of apps and snappy performance.

 

Connectivity and pricing – The Iconia Tab A100 is set to feature WiFi and Bluetooth compatibility, as well as a micro-USB port and a micro SD slot card. It would have been perfect if it would have featured HDMI as well, but still it is pretty decent for a 7-inch tablet.

As far as pricing is concerned, the Acer Iconia Tab A100, which has not yet been released on the market, will be available for 329 dollars( the 8 GB version) or for 349 dollars( the 16 GB version). This is consistently less than HTC Flyer’s or Blackberry Playbook’s prices, to name two of the important 7-inch tablets right now.

 

Wrap-up – While the Iconia Tab A500 is still struggling to become one of the important names in the tablets’ world, the from this Android tablet review it looks like a winner right away. Packing good technical specifications, as well as a decent display and a revolutionary software for a 7-inch tablet, Acer’s new slate also comes at an affordable price tag and will probably mesmerize technology fanatics all around the world.

Paham? – Wah review-nya keren-keren kan? Maklum lah orang bule yang nulis… Intinya, menulis review itu seolah kita adalah seorang komentator. Kita boleh memberikan pendapat kita mengenai barang yang akan kita tinjau. Tak usah ragu, jika memang barang tersebut tidak bagus, boleh lah sebutkan kekurangannya, namun ditinjau lebih dalam dahulu, bandingkan dengan produk-produk lainnya akan menjadikan review kita lebih baik…

Sumber ENGLISHINDO.COM Referensi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online: http://www.englishindo.com/2012/01/review-text-penjelasan-contoh.html#ixzz3zb1CHAee

Review Text Definition and The Example

 

 

REVIEW TEXT

A review is a piece of writing that critiques or critically analyzes artwork for public audience.

Text organization

Orientation : background information on the text

Interpretative recount : summary of an artworks (including characters and plot)

Evaluation : concluding statement (judgment, opinion, and recommendation). It can consists more than one.

Evaluative summation : the last opinion consisting the appraisal or punch line of the artworks being criticized.

Communicative purpose

To critique an art work or event for a public audience

Language features

Action verbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Pronouns

Connectors to do with time and sequence

Simple present tense

Type of review text

Movie

TV shows

Books

Drama/plays

Opera

Songs

Exhibitions

Concerts

Ballets

Example

King Kong

 

The movie is about a huge ape that stands 7,6 meters tall and weighs 3,600 kilograms. The movie last for three hours of viewing pleasure. Briefly, the remake of King Kong involved over 5.000 computers with the processing power of more than 15.000 PCs that created effects shots.

This project consumed so much electricity at the special effects hours. Weta Digital, that the company had to build a special substation to prevent any electrical disruption to the residents in the vicinity.
The director of the movie is Peter Jackson, the renowned. Director of the lord of the Rings trilogy. Jackson is determined not just remake giant King Kong but to present the classical feature of the creature. There are plenty of special effects rooted in this epic movie that are in the visual magic made possible only via the celluloid medium.

The story is about Ann (played by Naomi Watts) who falls in love with a scriptwriter, Jack Driscoll (played by Andrien Brody). They go through hell when the natives catch her and offer her to King Kong as a sacrifice.

The most thrilling part of the movie is seeing the giant ape battling againts T-Rex and other assorted monsters with his bare hands. Instead of battering two monsters, a giant snake and a T-Rexes like before, King Kong now has to fight against T-Rexes. Three is a part cleverly set for all the creature, including Ann, to fall through and land in a vine-laden canyon.

The natural movement of King Kong eyes, giant feet, shoulders and hand gerstures are trademarks of the legendary mountain gorilla. King Kong may have gradually changed his physical structure, but the ape characteristic remain intact.
text source: Creative English Workbook For SMA Year XII

 

http://myenglishon.blogspot.co.id/2014/12/review-text.html

REVIEW TEXT

What is Review text ?

A review text is a flexible genre which may vary according to the nature of the creative work being worked on, the intended audience, and the aspects of the work considered worth commenting on.
The purpose of review text is to analyze and evaluate some creative works, and to inform people about its strengths and weaknesses.
The basic structure of a review text consists of four parts or components, they are:

1. Title
   

Briefly identifies the subject of the review in some interesting way, and generally is linked to the reviewer’s name.

2. Identification of the work

Identifies:

• The name of the creative work which is the subject of the review.
• What kind of work it is (such as film, movie, novel, research investigation, books, cassette etc)
• Its author(s), publisher or producer, and date of production. Not all these details are necessary.

3. Evaluation of the work
   The reviewer describes particular aspects of the work, and offers their opinion regarding them, their quality, effectiveness, and so forth.
4. Conclusions/ recommendations
   The reviewer summarizes their assessment of the value of the work, and makes recommendations regarding how others should regard the work.

Example Of Review Text :

A Site from Reog Boy

It has been appearing. It calls its self gusblake. It is a site of a boy from Ponorogo. If you have not known Ponorogo yet, it is one of regencies in East Java, Indonesia. Recently, this town has appeared as public issues because Reog Ponorogo, one of its local genius traditional dances got on the stage in Malaysia as its icon. I am not going to talk about this traditional culture. Instead of it, a site which has been built by a young boy with with this local reog spirit has attracted me much.
This site is trying to attract to the world. With its physical design, it is simple but easily eyes catcher. Each of the pages is divided into three columns with different size. The left wider column is for main content. The central positioned column is seemingly designed for monetizing and SEO tools. The rest column which takes place in the right side is taken place by archives, content summary and blogging community
This site concentrates to several topics, namely health, information, tips, trick, thought, personal sharing, technology, refreshing, travel and other topics. The author named Sofyan tries to present these topics seriously but in nice way.

 

http://enes-ainenglish.blogspot.co.id/2011/12/review-text.html

Discussion Text

What is Discussion?

1. Definition of Discussion

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

2. Generic Structure of Discussion

Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point
Recommendation; stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse

3. Language Feature of Discussion

Introducing category or generic participant
Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

4. Examples and structures of the text

Homework
Issue I have been wondering if homework is necessary.
Statement of issue and Preview I think we should have homework because it helps us to learn and revise our work.

Homework helps people who aren’t very smart to remember what they have learned. Homework is really good because it helps with our education.
Statement of various viewpoints But, many times, doing homework is not a great idea. I think we shouldn’t have homework because I like to go out after school to a restaurant or the movies. Sometimes homework is boring and not important.

I think homework is bad because I like to play and discuss things with my family.

Example of Discussion Text

A. Example of Discussion Text on Nuclear Power

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world’s energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
It produces small amount of waste.
It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990’s nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Note on the Generic Structure of Discussion Text

Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and recommendation.

This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the advantage and disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which need to be talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in the generic structure which is used:

Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.

Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world’s energy needed

Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.

Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.

B. Hunting Fox

Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe that it is cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.

Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.

(Taken from: http://www.bbc.co.uk)

Generic Structure Analysis

Stating the issue; hunting fox.

Supporting point; farmers and conservationists agree to hunt fox because they attack livestok.

Contrastive point; many people disagree hunting fox with dog because it is cruel.

Recommendation; Do not be cruel in hunting fox just control it in safe way.

Language Feature Analysis

Introducing category participant; farmer, conservationists.

Using thinking verb; believe.

Using connectives;

Using modalities; must, always

 

https://pakpuguh.wordpress.com/2011/08/23/discussion-text/

Discussion Text: Definition, Generic Structures, Language Features, and the Example

Definition:

Discussion text is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue.

Purpose:

To present different opinions on a particular issue or topic arguments for and against/positive and negative/good and bad.

Generic Structures:

1. Issue: Contains of statement and preview about something
2. Supporting point: After stating the issue, it is necessary to present the argument to support that one point is agreeing.
3. Contrastive point: Beside the supporting argument, discussion text needs the arguments which disagree to stated issue.
4. Recommendation/conclusion: It is used to tell how to solve issue by connecting the arguments for and against.

• Language Features:

1. Introducing category or generic participant
2. Relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using additive, contrastive, and casual connection
5. Using modalities
6. Using adverbial of manner
7. Using conjunction/transition
8. Using simple present tense

• Example:

Homework

I have been wondering if homework is necessary. I think we should have homework because it helps us to learn and revise our work. Homework helps people who aren’t very smart to remember what they have learned. Homework is really good because it helps with our education. But, many times, doing home is not a great idea. I think we shouldn’t have homework because I like to go out after school to a restaurant or the movies. Sometimes homework is boring and not important. I think homework is bad because I like to play and discuss things with my family. According to me, homework is not as an entirely bad thing or a completely good thing for students’ education because this is about how they learn more their material from school.

Pengertian, Structure, Ciri Discussion Text dan Contohnya

A. Pengertian Discussion Text

Sebelum berbicara mengenai structure, ciri-ciri discussion text dan contohnya, mari kita pelajari terlebih dahulu definisi dari discussion text dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia. Di antara para ahli bahasa Inggris, mendefinisikan discussion text sebagai:

 

is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

Jadi yang dimaksud dengan discussion text adalah sebuah tulisan yang memaparkan diskursus atau perdebatan sebuah masalah yang didiskusikan dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Tulisan atau teks discussion ini biasanya kita dapati di dalam tulisan filsafat, sejarah dan sosial.

B. Tujuan Discussion Text

Tujuan komunikatif discussion text adalah untuk menyajikan sebuah isu atau informasi dengan memaparkan beberapa pendapat para pakar yang dibidangnya dan biasanya pendapat yang dipaparkan tersebut bertentangan (pro dan kontra).

C. Generic Structure Discussion Text

1. Issue
   Bagian pertama dari generic structure discussion text adalah pemaparan tentang isu yang akan dibahas atau didiskusikan dalam tulisan tersebut.
2. Argument For or Against
   Setelah itu, penulis menjelaskan beberapa pandangan terhadap isu yang sedang dibahas atau didiskusikan dengan mengambil pendapat para ahli atau juga tanpa menyebutkan siapa yang berpendapat tetapi pendapat itu memang sudah umum diketahui. Penulis biasanya akan memaparkan pendapat yang pro (argument for) baru disusul dengan pendapat yang kontra (argument against) pada paragraf berikutnya.
3. Elaboration
   Sebelum mengambil sikap dengan menentukan pendapat mana yang lebih dipilih oleh penulis, atau bahkan memiliki pendapat sendiri, penulis harus terlebih dahulu memberikan elaborasi tentang beberapa pendapat yang telah dipaparkan.
4. Conclusion atau Recomendation
   Generic structure discussion text yang terakhir adalah kesimpulan atau rekomendasi penulis terhadap isu yang sedang didiskusikan dengan harapan pembaca dapat mengikuti dan setuju dengan pendapat penulis.

D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Discussion Text

• Fokus pada peserta manusia dan non-manusia generik.
• Menggunakan kata-kata yang membandingkan: kata sambung yang berlawanan misalnya, but, however, in other side dan konsekuensinya (sebab akibat) misalnya: so, then.
• Menggunakan bahasa diskusi: According, opinion.
• Menggunakan kata-kata berfikir seperti: feel, hope, believe.
• Menggunakan Simple Present.

E. Contoh Discussion Text dan Penjelasannya

Contoh 1: The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

1. Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
2. Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world’s energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
   • It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
   • It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
   • It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
   • It produces small amount of waste.
   • It is reliable.
3. On the other hand, nuclear power is very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
4. People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990’s nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Penjelasan:

• Paragraf pertama: Issue, yang berisi pemaparan singkat penulis tentang penggunaan nuclear power (tenaga nuklir).
• Paragraf kedua: Argument For, memaparkan tentang manfaat penggunaan tenaga nuklir, yang diantaranya adalah: Biayanya sama dengan batu bara, sehingga tidak mahal; Tidak banyak memproduksi asap yang menimbulkan karbon dioksida; Dapat memproduksi tenaga yang besar dengan sedikit uranium; Memproduksi sedikit limbah dan Mudah untuk digunakan.
• paragraf ketiga: Argument Against, yang menerangkan bahayanya tenaga nuklir yaitu: Jika bocor, maka tenaga nuklir harus dikubur selama beberapa tahun agar radioaktifknya bisa hilang; Di samping itu, biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pengamanan juga besar, karena jika terjadi kecelakaan, maka bisa menimbulkan bencana besar.
• Paragraf ke empat: Elaboration, tentang pendalaman lebih jauh mengenai materi yang sedang diperdebatkan (nuclear power) bahwa pada tahun 1990 an, tenaga nuklir merupakan sumber energi yang berkembang cukup pesat di dunia.
• Lalu dimana kesimpulan dan pendapat penulis? Pada teks ini, penulis memilih untuk tidak memberikan pendapatnya atau pun rekomendasinya terkait dengan penggunaan tenaga nuklir.

Demikianlah penjelasan tentang Pengertian, Structure, Ciri Discussion Text dan Contohnya. Semoga bermanfaat. Jika kamu menyukai penjelasan lengkap tentang discussion text ini, mohon berikan like, twit atau komentar kamu di bawah ini. Terima kasih.

Explanation Text

 

What is Explanation?

1. 1.      Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

1. 2.      Generic structure of Explanation

• General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
• Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

1. 3.      Language Feature

• Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
• Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
• Using passive voice pattern
• Using simple present tense

1. 4.      Examples and structures of the text

Making Paper from Woodchips
A general statement	Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees.
	The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
A sequenced explanation of	Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill.
why or how something occurs	At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips.
	The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat.
	The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing	Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

 

Example of Explanation Text

1. A.     Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour (“tsu”) and wave (“nami”). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth’s crust can occur at plate boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

(simplified from www.panda.org)

1. B.      How Day and Night Happen

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth’s turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.

The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

1. C.      Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.

The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.

It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.

 (Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Generic Structure Analysis

General statement; stating the phenomenon whic daylight in summer is longer than in winter.

Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.

Language Feature Analysis

Focusing generic participant; daylight.

Using chronological connection; then, so, but.

Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.

Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.

https://pakpuguh.wordpress.com/2011/08/22/1-explanation-text/

Pengertian, Generic Structure Beserta Contoh

Salam semangat !

Pembahasan kali ini kita akan membahas tentang teks explanation. Pastinya kalian sudah tidak asing lagi mendengarkan explanation. Yaitu menjelaskan. So explanation text is the text to explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena.

 

Pengertian, Tujuan, Generic structure , Ciri Kebahasaan dan contoh Explanation Text

Pengertian Explanation teks dalam bahasa indonesia adalah teks yang digunakan untuk menerangkan cara (proses) sesuatu terjadi, terutama yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah atau sosial budaya. Tujuan nya untuk memberitahu kepada pembaca atau pendengar bagaimana sesuatu itu terjadi.

 

Generic Structure

Ada 3 macam generic structure dalam explanation teks yang harus diketahui.

1.A general Statement

Yaitu pengenalan suatu peristiwa yang akan kita ceritakan. Atau penjelasan umum tentang peristiwa tersebut.

2.A sequenced explanation

Yaitu penjelasan mengapa dan bagaimana peristiwa itu terjadi. Dalam bagian ini penulis dapat menulis lebih dari satu paragrap.

3.Closing/Conclusion

Yaitu penutup atau kesimpulan dari cerita tersebut.

Ciri Kebahasaan Text Explanation:

1.Menggunakan simple present tense

 

2.Menggunakan active voice

3.Menggunakan passive voice

4.Menggunakan conjuction atau kalimat penghubung

Contoh Explanation text

Digestion of Human

The human body is made up of millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells, to replace the worn out cells. However, the food we consume must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the appropriate places. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by our teeth, mixed with saliva containing digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus-the food passage-into the stomach. Here the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then,the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing,mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food change into acids. The acids are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projection from the intestine walls) and passed into bloodstream.

Artinya

Pencernaan Manusia

Tubuh manusia terdiri dari jutaan sel. Makanan yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun sel-sel baru, untuk menggantikan usang sel. Namun, makanan yang kita konsumsi harus diubah menjadi zat yang dapat dibawa dalam darah ke tempat-tempat yang tepat. Proses ini disebut pencernaan.

 

Proses pencernaan pertama terjadi di mulut. Makanan yang kita makan dipecah menjadi potongan-potongan kecil dengan gigi, dicampur dengan air liur yang mengandung cairan pencernaan yang membasahi makanan, sehingga dapat ditelan dengan mudah.

Dari mulut, makanan melewati kerongkongan-makanan bagian-ke dalam perut. Berikut makanan dicampur dengan jus yang disekresikan oleh sel-sel di dalam perut selama beberapa jam. Kemudian, makanan memasuki usus kecil. Semua waktu dinding otot usus meremas, pencampuran makanan dan seterusnya.

Dalam beberapa jam, makanan berubah menjadi asam. Asam akan segera diserap oleh villi (proyeksi cabang mikroskopis dari dinding usus) dan masuk ke aliran darah.

Demikian lah materi kita tentang explanation text ..